ASIATODAY.ID, JAKARTA – Indonesia in a corruption emergency. The phrase continues to echo on social media after the Pertamina crude oil corruption case was revealed.
The public in the country even wrote a list of corruption cases with very large state losses.
There are at least 11 mega-corruption cases in Indonesia that are currently being widely discussed by the public.
- Pertamina Corruption
The Pertamina corruption case is in the top position in the spotlight with an estimated loss of IDR 968.5 trillion. Initially, the Attorney General’s Office of the Republic of Indonesia said that the corruption case at Pertamina resulted in state losses of IDR 193.7 trillion in 2023. However, because this case has been going on since 2018 to 2023, the amount of losses has the potential to increase, even approaching IDR 1 quadrillion.
Although the calculation still needs further analysis, this figure will be the largest.
- Corruption of PT Timah
The case involving businessman Harvey Moeis caused the state to lose up to Rp300 trillion. Initially, this case resulted in environmental losses of Rp271 trillion, but the audit results of the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency recorded a total of up to Rp300 trillion.
With such a large loss, this case is in second place on the list of the largest corruption cases in Indonesia.
- BLBI Corruption
The Bank Indonesia Liquidity Assistance (BLBI) case occurred during the 1997 monetary crisis. At that time, BLBI received an injection of IDR 147.7 trillion to save 48 banks. However, BLBI did not return the funds to the state, so the state suffered a loss of IDR 138.44 trillion.
In 2021, the BLBI Task Force attempted to collect the debt, but there have been no clear results. Therefore, this case is ranked third on the list of mega-corruptions in Indonesia.
- Duta Palma Corruption
The owner of PT Duta Palma Group, Surya Darmadi, seized 37 hectares of land in Riau, causing state losses of IDR 78 trillion. At that time, Surya was assisted by the former Regent of Indragiri Hulu, R Thamsir Rachman. The Corruption Court sentenced Surya to 15 years in prison and a fine of IDR 1 billion.
- Corruption of PT TPPI
This case caused the state to lose Rp37.8 trillion. This case is related to the illegal processing of consignments at the Tuban oil refinery, East Java from 2009 to 2011. PT Trans-Pcific Petrochemical Indonesia (TPPI) is the main mastermind behind this case. The parties involved have been punished, but the former President Director of PT TPPI is still a fugitive.
- Corruption of PT Asabri
PT Asabri was involved in the manipulation of stock and mutual fund transactions with private parties which caused state losses of IDR 22.7 trillion. This case involved investment funds belonging to TNI, Polri, and ASN soldiers in problematic stock and mutual fund instruments. Seven people have been found guilty in this case.
- Corruption of PT Jiwasaraya
PT Asuransi Jiwasraya (Persero) failed to pay customer policies, resulting in state losses of IDR 16.8 trillion. Six people have been found guilty in this scandal, which was triggered by problematic Saving Plan investments. Violations occurred in the planning and management process of stock and mutual fund investments.
- Corruption of CPO Palm Oil
Between 2021 and 2022, there was corruption related to the provision of export facilities for crude palm oil (CPO) and its derivative products. This case involved officials from the Ministry of Trade and a number of large businessmen. The suspects are suspected of granting illegal CPO export permits despite an export ban policy. As a result, the state suffered a loss of IDR 12 trillion.
- Garuda Indonesia Corruption
In 2011, alleged corruption occurred in the procurement of CSJ-1000 and ATR 72-600 aircraft by PT Garuda Indonesia. The practice of price mark-ups and procurement that did not comply with operational needs caused state losses of up to IDR 9.37 trillion. Former President Director of Garuda Indonesia, Emirsyah Satar, was the defendant in this case.
- BTS Kominfo Corruption
The 4G base transceiver station (BTS) construction project by the Telecommunication and Information Accessibility Agency (BAKTI) of the Ministry of Communication and Informatics in 2020-2022 experienced various irregularities, such as price mark-ups and procurement that did not comply with specifications. Former Minister of Communication and Informatics, Johnny Gerard Plate, was named a suspect. The total state loss due to this case reached IDR 8 trillion.
- Bank Century Corruption
The Bank Century corruption case was related to the provision of Short-Term Funding Facilities (FPJP) as bailout funds to maintain financial stability. However, the policy actually harmed the state by Rp 689.39 billion. In addition, the determination of Bank Century as a systemic bank caused additional losses of Rp 6.74 trillion.
These 11 cases are the largest cases that harm the state. There are still many corruption cases that harm the Indonesian state that occur massively.
Corruption Behavior
Indonesian society is increasingly permissive towards corrupt behavior. The impudent acts that were previously considered taboo are slowly starting to be considered normal and tolerated. The gloomy situation of this nation is evident from the anti-corruption behavior index (IPAK) survey announced by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) on Monday, July 15, 2024.
The survey measures people’s behavior in small-scale corruption. The data collected by BPS includes people’s opinions on their habits and experiences related to public services in terms of bribery, gratification, extortion, nepotism, and nine anti-corruption values.
The scale used to measure the reflection of anti-corruption behavior in society is 0-5. The higher the IPAK value, the higher the anti-corruption culture in society. Conversely, the lower the IPAK value means that society tolerates corrupt behavior.
BPS announced that the 2024 IPAK was at 3.85 or 0.07 points lower compared to the 2023 IPAK (3.92 points).
IPAK 2024 was compiled based on a survey with a sample of 11 thousand households. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face interviews from April 22 to May 22. The decline in IPAK from 3.92 last year to 3.85 this year is an indication that society is more permissive towards corrupt behavior.
There are two components that form IPAK, namely the perception index and the experience index. The perception index is compiled based on respondents’ opinions on corrupt habits or behavior in the family, community, and public spheres. All three decreased to 3.96, 4.02, and 3.50.
The experience index includes people’s experiences when dealing with public services and other experiences. Both also decreased to 4.14 and 3.12.
Once again, IPAK measures people’s behavior in small-scale corruption acts that are indeed very close to the daily environment. Starting from living with family to when having to deal with public services. All the numbers turned out to decrease. This is clearly a worrying situation. Imagine if in a family a child considers it normal when his parents bribe a teacher so that the child does not repeat a class.
Over time, the practice of bribery will become a widespread tradition. The impact is that public services will get worse because all matters must be paid in cash, aka in the end money. When public services run like a snail, it will be increasingly difficult for this nation to compete with other nations. Investors may think a thousand times before investing in Indonesia if they have to be given grease money for everything. In the end, the ideal of presenting a Golden Indonesia in 2045 is just a utopia or mere wishful thinking.
This clearly should not happen and must be fixed. The public must be taught and re-educated to say no to corruption. The public must also be educated to commit to preventing gratification in the family environment and when dealing with public services. Do not justify what is clearly forbidden. (AT Network)
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