ASIATODAY.ID, NEW YORK – The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued its first global guideline on the use of GLP-1-based weight-loss medicines, as the world faces an escalating obesity crisis affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide.
The new guidance marks a major shift in global health policy as countries struggle to contain the rapid rise of obesity-related diseases.
A Rapidly Growing Health Emergency
Obesity contributed to 3.7 million deaths in 2024, and WHO warns the number of people living with obesity could double by 2030 without strong national interventions. The global economic toll is projected to reach $3 trillion annually, driven by spiralling healthcare costs and reduced productivity.
WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus emphasized that obesity must be recognized as a chronic disease requiring lifelong care, not a failure of individual willpower.
“Medication alone will not end this global health crisis, but GLP-1 therapies can help millions manage obesity and reduce its severe health risks,” Tedros said on December 1, 2025.
WHO Endorses Long-Term Use of GLP-1 Medicines
The new guideline provides conditional recommendations for the long-term use of GLP-1 medicines—such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide—by adults living with obesity, except during pregnancy.
The recommendation remains conditional due to:
limited long-term safety data,
high treatment costs,
uncertainty about weight regain after stopping medication,
and persistent inequalities in global access.
GLP-1 therapies mimic a natural hormone that regulates appetite and digestion, helping patients achieve significant weight loss and improve metabolic health.
Obesity: A Complex Disease, Not a Lifestyle Choice
WHO stresses that obesity is driven by genetics, biology, environment, and social determinants, not merely dietary habits or physical activity. Many people struggle to lose weight and maintain it without structured medical support.
Obesity is a major risk factor for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers, and it worsens outcomes for infectious diseases.
Medication Is Not a Standalone Solution
WHO underscores that weight-loss drugs must be paired with comprehensive support, including: healthier dietary choices, increased physical activity, and long-term professional guidance.
The organization also urges governments and the food industry to create healthier environments, reduce exposure to ultra-processed foods, and strengthen early intervention programs.
Access Crisis: Fewer than 10% Will Receive the Medicines by 2030
Demand for GLP-1 medicines is far outpacing global supply. WHO estimates that less than 10% of eligible people will have access to these treatments by 2030—even with expanded production.
Without targeted policies, these medicines risk widening global health inequalities.
To address this, WHO calls on countries to adopt: pooled procurement strategies, fair pricing mechanisms, voluntary licensing agreements, and stronger regulated supply chains.
WHO Warns of Rising Circulation of Fake GLP-1 Products
Global shortages have triggered a surge in falsified and substandard GLP-1 products, especially through online channels. WHO urges countries to strengthen oversight, ensure prescriptions come from qualified health professionals, and secure distribution pathways to protect patients.
The guideline incorporates scientific evidence, expert input, and lived experiences of people with obesity. WHO will update the recommendations in 2026 as new data becomes available. (AT Network)
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